There were two sets that the study focused on. The first set included those with UC with prior diagnoses of depression or anxiety. The second set included only those with depression or anxiety. The control for both sets included approximately 80,000 people who have been hospitalized for depression, anxiety, UC, or UD for any cases irrelevant to the study.
The objective of the methods was to determine the occurrence of diagnoses in the control group by calculating rates of "exposure" to the disorders by age, 5 year bands, sex, residency, and year of their diagnosed case. The rates were applied to the case population in order to generate an expected number that represented the risk of IBD.
After their calculations, the results were that there were 51% with UC, 59% with CD, 64% with depression, and 62% with anxiety. The percentages represented the female group. In addition, the model age for those diagnosed with UC was 35-39 years old and 25-29 years old for CD. Both depression and anxiety preceded UC more often than predicted; however, association with the psychological disorders and UC were strongest with depression and anxiety were diagnosed that same year of UC. Neither depression or anxiety preceded CD more often than by chance. UC was followed by anxiety with no depression, and CD was followed by depression and anxiety.
Why do you think these patterns follow?
Depression and Anxiety in People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (1979-) , Vol. 55, No. 10 (Oct., 2001), pp. 716-720
Depression and Anxiety maybe supress the immune system.
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ReplyDeleteTran, you should check out this awesome review on the link between inflammation and depression:
ReplyDeleteFrom inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain.
Dantzer, R. et al. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9, 46-56 (January 2008)
Turns out, pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1a, IL-1b, TNF-a, and IL-6, also act on the brain to cause what the authors refer to as "sickness behavior," which is admittedly very similar to and difficult to distinguish from depression.
Interestingly, we also learned in class that IL-6 released in response to damage or stress causes the down-regulation of Treg and up-regulation of Th1 and Th17 - a condition that probably contributes to what our professor calls "chronic frustrated immune responses" such as UC and CD.